Fuente: UNICEF México
6 consejos para las y los docentes para la educación a distancia durante la contingencia por COVID-19
Ante la pandemia por COVID-19, la rutina de todos ha cambiado y las forma de dar clases no ha sido la excepción. Sabemos que para los profesores o maestros ha sido difícil adaptarse tan rápidamente a dar clases a distancia y esto puede hacer que se sientan estresados, cansados o que piensen que no están comunicando los aprendizajes de manera correcta.
Estos sentimientos son normales y en UNICEF hemos preparado estos 6 consejos que pueden apoyar a maestros y maestras en esta etapa.
Brinda especial acompañamiento a las y los estudiantes que más lo necesitan
La educación a distancia es un reto para muchas familias. No todas las familias pueden brindar acompañamiento o proveer de un espacio libre de distracciones a las niñas y niños dentro del hogar para realizar sus estudios. En algunos casos, las niñas y niños se han visto obligados a intercambiar actividades escolares por actividades laborales debido a las necesidades económicas de sus familias. Es por esto que para muchas niñas, niños y adolescentes las horas dedicadas a la educación se han visto reducidas lo cual generará importantes rezagos educativos.
Cuando se dispone de menos horas para la enseñanza, es aconsejable que las y los directores y docentes prioricen los aprendizajes fundamentales como lenguaje y matemáticas por ser la base para cualquier otro tipo de aprendizaje. Es de suma importancia que las niñas y niños siguen fortaleciendo sus habilidades para leer, escribir y realizar operaciones matemáticas básicas por ser habilidades fundamentales para la vida.
También es recomendable priorizar el acompañamiento de los grupos de los últimos grados de cada nivel educativo -como 3ro de preescolar, 6to de primaria, 3ro de secundaria y el último grado de media superior- ya que estos estudiantes difícilmente tendrán la oportunidad de recuperar aprendizajes perdidos el próximo ciclo escolar.
Prioriza aprendizajes fundamentales y a los alumnos del último grado de cada nivel
Esta contingencia hará más grande las brechas de aprendizaje entre los estudiantes. Los que cuenten con madres y padres con mayor nivel educativo, que pueden acompañar su educación en el hogar durante el cierre de las escuelas, que cuenten con acceso a Internet, a una televisión y a juegos y libros en su casa, estarán mejor preparados para continuar con sus estudios. Sin embargo, las y los estudiantes que no cuenten con estos elementos pueden tener un mayor rezago educativo.
Es por esto que las y los docentes deben brindar especial seguimiento y acompañamiento a los estudiantes con más necesidades. Esto incluye a alumnos de educación especial, población indígena monolingüe, migrantes, y niñas y niños en contextos violentos, entre otros.
Hacer llamadas telefónicas periódicas a estos estudiantes puede ser una buena estrategia mientras continúe el distanciamiento social.
Aprovecha los recursos disponibles en casa para una educación vivencial
El aprendizaje no es exclusivo del aula, en casa existen recursos que se pueden utilizar para promover el aprendizaje. Algunos recursos que las y los docentes pueden utilizar para reforzar la educación a distancia son:
- Los conocimientos de madres, padres y abuelos de sus profesiones u oficios, de su experiencia durante eventos históricos, de su historia familiar, entre otros.
- Libros y juegos disponibles en el hogar,
- Actividades cotidianas como la preparación de la comida o el cálculo de los gastos del hogar,
- La observación de plantas y/o animales, entre otros.
Aprovecha la tecnología
La educación a distancia requiere de formas innovadoras de comunicación.
Si la mayoría de tus alumnos cuentan con Internet puedes aprovechar del uso de diversas plataformas digitales para dar clases, enviar y recibir tareas, así como resolver dudas. Es recomendable utilizar las herramientas con las que tus alumnos ya están familiarizados; y aprovechar nuevas herramientas como las que ofrece Google for Education en colaboración con la SEP que permite preparar las clases a distancia, dejar tareas, evaluar a los alumnos, etc.
- Para dar clases en vivo puedes utilizar Facebook live, Zoom o Skype; aunque hay que tener en cuenta que las videoconferencias y videos siempre consumirán más datos o requerirán de mejor conexión a Internet qué sólo audio o sólo texto.
- Para envío y recepción de documentos puedes utilizar Google Drive o Dropbox.
- Si tú y tus alumnos no cuentan con licencias de procesadores de texto como Word u hojas de cálculo como Excel, puedes utilizar Open Office que es de uso gratuito.
- Algunas actividades, videos y fuentes de información las puede encontrar en la página web de Aprende en casa de la SEP, en Khan Academy que es de uso gratuito o en YouTube.
- Y para resolver dudas y dar seguimiento a tus alumnos puedes utilizar WhatsApp o Messenger.
Esta contingencia es una oportunidad para aprender a utilizar nuevas herramientas, no hay que tenerles miedo. Si no estás familiarizado con ellas, explóralas, muchas son de uso intuitivo. También puedes pedir ayuda a otros docentes o a miembros de tu familia.
Ahora bien, si la mayoría de tus alumnos no cuentan con acceso a Internet,
- Debes promover que tus estudiantes vean y escuchen los contenidos de Aprende en Casa de la SEP en la televisión y la radio y guiar sus lecciones y tareas a través de los libros de texto,
- Para el envío y recepción de documentos algunos docentes utilizan una papelería de confianza con las debidas precauciones sanitarias; ahí dejan tareas y recogen los trabajos de sus alumnos y
- Para resolución de dudas y seguimiento puedes hacer y recibir llamadas telefónicas.
Brinda y recibe apoyo psicosocial
El miedo al contagio, el cuidado de familiares enfermos, el confinamiento en los hogares, y la reducción del ingreso familiar son factores que elevan los niveles de estrés de millones de familias. Altos niveles de estrés por tiempo prolongado perjudican la capacidad de aprendizaje. Es por esto que los docentes deben tomar en cuenta el estado emocional y mental en el que se encuentran las y los alumnos y brindar herramientas para restaurar su bienestar emocional.
Lo primero que debe hacer un docente es practicar el autocuidado. Una maestra o maestro estresado difícilmente podrá apoyar a una alumna o alumno estresado.
Algunas recomendaciones para reducir el estrés de las y los docentes son:
- Expresa tus miedos y preocupaciones con tu familia o amigos.
- Practica respiraciones profundas, meditación o alguna actividad que te ayude a calmar la mente.
- Repite mentalmente “Esto también pasará”. Esta situación es temporal.
Con tus alumnos te recomendamos que:
- Escuches sus preocupaciones y respondas a sus preguntas de manera apropiada a su edad.
- Promuevas tareas en casa donde tus alumnos puedan expresar sus pensamientos y sentimientos a través de dibujos o de la escritura,
- Organices actividades colaborativas para fomentar la interacción social a distancia, por ejemplo, deja una tarea que requiera que los estudiantes se hablen por teléfono.
- Evita lenguaje o comentarios que discriminen en contra de las personas que sufren o sufrieron de Coronavirus o que están en contacto con personas que lo hayan contraído.
Fortalece los mensajes que pueden salvar vidas
Las y los docentes tienen el poder de reforzar mensajes que pueden salvar vidas y prevenir el contagio de la COVID-19. Algunos de estos mensajes son:
- Mantener la sana distancia
- Evitar salir de casa
- Lavarse las manos frecuentemente
- Evitar tocarte la cara
- Comer alimentos nutritivos para mantener el sistema inmunológico fuerte.
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